Saturday 12 October 2013

Paart 2 of Patanjala Yogadarshana Sadhana Pada Foreword



Part 2 of Patanjala Yogadarshan

Sadhana Pada

Foreword

The part 1 of Yogadarshana showed us the progressively deeper attainments of meditative states starting from the practice of overcoming distractions and dwelling on the object of concentration with unwavering attention, and finally culminating in a state of union of the individual soul with the divine consciousness. In part 1, we were taken over the whole expanse of the terrain of the meditative states. Part 2, which is called Sadhana pada, is about the intensive study of the methods to be learnt and followed in the pursuit of the Yogic practices. This part is intended to put the theoretical knowledge which you gained in part1 to the test of actual practice. That is why, you should not be surprised if you find the crucial points of part 1 revisited in part 2. But the purpose of going over them again is not to gain any deeper understanding of those points, but to give you time to take each aspect of Yoga into your hands, master it both theoretically and practically, and finally make Yoga an integral part of your personality and life. The emphasis in this process was on overcoming distractions, and it was brought to our notice again and again that distractions cannot be eliminated; they have to be overcome with a disciplined effort.
Life is taken up by three kinds of actions: survival, understanding, and doing. Survival, when it is dissociated from action based on knowledge, turns into blind reactions to the hostile forces which govern our life. In the absence of vision or perspective, our living is fragmented and wasted in devising strategies of conquests and defenses, and in doing this we encounter enemies, both in the world of nature and in the world of fellow humans. The greater the process of narrowing down, the greater is the fragmentation and alienation of individual life from its source. The result is that we think and feel in terms of differences, divisions and discords.
The first point of emphasis in Sadhana Pada is the need for achieving integration of the act of survival with the acts of understanding and doing the things in an enlightened way and not in a blindfolded way. When our actions are derived from the right understanding, we truly begin to live, not just for our own self, but for all. The Sutras 1 and 2 of Sadhana Pada define this new way of life as Kriya Yoga, i.e. actions which derive from the integration of the yogic insight into life. This is going to be a whole new process, not only of revolutionizing the individual consciousness, but of transforming the very way of life in us and consequently in others. This change is bound to take place because the intensive practice of Yoga has a deeply transformative effect on the individual and his or her environment. This transformation is natural, not induced by arguments, persuasion or proselytizing.
The first Samadhi Pada introduced the concept of Yoga as the practice of bringing the mind under the control of the higher Self. The second section, Samadhi Pada, describes the nature of the actions which spring from the mind which is self-disciplined, and names it as Kriya Yoga. When life is lived in this integrated way, all our actions manifest the right action, the right understanding and the right living, all in a spontaneous and naturally unified way. We shall take up the Sutras from the next chapter onward.    

Sunday 6 October 2013

ARather Long Short Story 4. 6 October 2013.



I was still wondering about how the tragedy struck this angelic pair of brother and sister when I noticed Emma fidgeting with a rather heavy-looking watch on her slender wrist. It looked very odd on her wrist because it was the kind of watch I generally noticed on the wrists of army—personnel.
 To be contd.
6 0ct0ber 2013
4.
I was extremely tired on that day, but I realized that for Emma and Charles, this chance meeting of ours was something like an oasis. They seemed to cherish these moments of contact. My being a stranger did not hinder the closeness they had begun to feel for me by now. Charles had finished his coffee, but unlike in our last meeting, he was not fidgety and troublesome now. He was not eager to go home. I saw him prodding his sister about something. Emma understood it and looked at him and me in amusement. “He wants to share something with you. It is something we are not allowed to look at when we are at home. So he carries it secretly in his schoolbag.” I was a bit alarmed as I heard her say this. I saw Charles looking at me eagerly and Emma looking at him and smiling indulgently. I was wary. I said haltingly, “Umm, well, I hope it’s nothing out of the way.” Emma’s expression changed rapidly from amusement and indulgence to a deep hurt. There were tears in her eyes. I was afraid she might just get up and leave. I ignored her tears and covered up my lack of tact by leaning across the table and reaching out to Charles with a great display of joviality and said, “Oh yeah! Charles, what is the secret you want to share with me?” Charles, who was blissfully unaware of the tense moment between me and his sister, fished out something from the deep pocket of his schoolbag and spread it out before me. It was a black and white photograph of a man in the army uniform. The man was full of health and energy and smiled across to the camera with the joy of life shining in every feature of his remarkably handsome face.  When I looked at Charles leaning across the table, watching me proudly, there was no need for me to guess further. I looked at Emma remorsefully. She had mastered the tears, but she was in no mood to talk to me now.
I said, “Is this your father?” She just nodded. I obviously could not expect her to say more than this. I could not show any further curiosity than what was proper at that moment.
After some moments of silence I ventured to say, “But you should be proud of this photo you have of your father. Why do you have to hide it in Charles’s schoolbag? Is this the only photo you have of your father?”
Emma said, “No, we have an album full of photos. But our aunt has taken it away from us. This we had found left behind in my mother’s drawer. My aunt says that children like us should not get stuck in the past, we have a long way to go, she says, and we must look ahead.”
I failed to understand this piece of wisdom on the part of her aunt, but Emma seemed to have no problem with that.
To be contd.  

Friday 4 October 2013

A Rather Long Short Story 3. 4Oct 13



After a brief moment of silence Emma and I looked at each other. She said, “We lost our father when Charles was barely three years of age. My mother died of grief soon after.”  I continued to stare at her as she sat there facing me with the look of a sad, grown-up person who was learning to take the rough and tumble of life in her stride, while her brother sat in front of us sipping at his coffee indifferently.
I could see from her demeanor that she had referred to the sad episode of their life rather inadvertently and perhaps, if Charles had not made that unusual display of temper, she wouldn’t have mentioned it.
I fumbled for words, but just managed to say,”Oh, I am sorry to hear that!”   Emma gave me a hearty smile like a seasoned soldier, as if to say, “Come on now that you know it, let’s get on with life.” But that did not help me in overcoming my uneasiness in the presence of such overwhelming fortitude.  I said, looking at Charles, “Perhaps we had better not talk about this.” Emma understood my meaning. She said, looking at Charles from the corner of her eyes, “He is used to people referring to it. He has just begun to understand that we are different from other children. That lady who was with us the other day in the café after the singing session was over—she is our aunt who looks after us now. Charles still remembers our mother and he fights her off vehemently as if she is responsible for taking him forcibly away from his mother.”
I was still wondering about how the tragedy struck this angelic pair of brother and sister when I noticed Emma fidgeting with a rather heavy-looking watch on her slender wrist. It looked very odd on her wrist because it was the kind of watch I generally noticed on the wrists of army—personnel.
 To be contd.

Thursday 3 October 2013

A Rather Long Short Story 2. 3 Oct 13



A Rather Long Short Story.  2 
Contd.
3 October 2013

After Emma and her companions had left the coffee-shop I sat for a while staring vacantly at the rain and listening to the sound of the wind outside.  Somebody pushed the door and the wind came gushing in, bringing the chill with it. I got up hastily, went to the counter to pay for my coffee and the toast, gathered my raincoat from the stand and stepped out of the café. When I looked around, there was no sign of Emma and the party.
The next I ran into Emma was when I was returning home after a tiring day. She was in her school-uniform and Charles was tagging along. I was not sure if she would care to stop and speak, but Charles, who noticed me before her, gave a tug at her skirt and pointed towards me. She stopped. Charles was looking at her eagerly. He then offered to shake hands with me in the most suave manner. I was not amused by the civil manners he put on for the sake of starting a friendship with me. A bit of sadness came over me as I looked into his eyes. In that fraction of a moment, I saw a pleading look in those eyes. It touched me somewhere. I glanced at Emma quickly. Her eyes radiated a surprise. I pulled Charles towards me and said, “What did one wall say to the other wall?” Charles looked annoyed. He turned his face away from me in an embarrassment, because this time he wanted me to take him seriously. He pressed his foot hard on my toes. I winced and said,”Ouch!” Emma quickly pulled Charles towards her and apologized on his behalf. In that struggle Charles tried to press his foot harder on my toes and finally as he stepped off my foot he stood away from me regarding me with white-hot dignity.
Emma did not try to conceal her embarrassment and anger as she pulled him further away. “I am sorry; he got furious. He has a violent temper.” In the meanwhile, Charles had stationed himself securely behind Emma and continued to look at me keenly. He was clearly apprehensive and worried that he had lost a friend. But that fugitive, pleading look I had seen in his eyes before I had unwittingly offended him, had vanished. In its place, there was despair. In his small world it could hurt and I knew how it hurts. I did not let him know it and turned my attention to Emma. She was full of regret and confusion.
I was overcome by a certain sadness and loneliness as they stood before me as if asking me not to leave them so soon. I looked at the sky which showed signs of a quick drizzle which might begin any moment. The café where we had chanced to meet the other day was close by. I looked at Emma and asked her if she would care for a cup of coffee as it would warm up Charles who seemed to be shivering.
As we sat at the table with our coffee-mugs, I looked over at Charles who had started to drink his coffee using both his hands on the mug, staunchly refusing to look at me. Emma said all of a sudden, “My mother had a tendency to spoil him. My father was always careful to see that we didn’t get spoilt by her indulgence; he was especially careful about Charles.” She said it almost in a whisper.  I looked at both of them carefully. A deep shadow had come over them as she said this. I didn’t know what to say.  
By now I could guess Emma fairly well; she would have spurned any demonstration of kindliness and sympathy from me.
To be continued…

A Rather Long Short Story 1.



It was humid throughout the day. Soon I have to move on from here and go back home, but still a month to go. Considering the three long years I was posted here for the training as marine engineer, one month now seems like a day. With nothing much to do now; this sudden respite feels like a push--over from the buzz of insanity into a suffocating silence.

Vancouver is generally peaceful. It is a town nestling amongst hills and the sea and is covered by persistent drizzle. That accounts for the feeling of gloom that settles upon outsiders like me who cannot find the pulse of the life in here. That was a particularly cranky day when the sky and the weather were stubbornly gloomy and grey. After breakfast I had to find something to occupy myself till lunch and that was a pretty long interval. There were two antique bookshops on the street behind my lodging. I always felt at home in the one which had at its counter a rather perennially tired shop--assistant who watched over the entire shop from her dark gothic--looking corner, with an equally gothic-looking cat to give her company.


Whenever I tried to open a conversation with the lady the cat would snarl viciously from behind the counter to block any further potential or real overtures from the unwelcome alien that was me. Needless to say that it was a wise policy for me to ignore both and go past them straight to the bookshelves.

That day a notice stuck on the window pane caught my eye and I stopped to read it. It was an announcement of a book-exhibition that was housed in a small public-hall around the next corner. I threw a glance at the inside of the book-shop. The unappealing sight of the gothic cat and its dumb owner hastened to help me make up my mind in favour of the book--exhibition around the corner which was not too far away from there.

By the time I started walking in the new direction, the drizzle was piercingly sharp, with the wind sweeping past my coat and umbrella with an impatient bustle. As I entered the hall, to my surprise, I found that the exhibition was to start on the next day; I had overlooked this bit of information in my eagerness to find out a new haunt.

In the meantime, the place was occupied by a group of young choir children practicing singing for the Sunday at Church. By the time, it was raining heavily outside; no point in venturing out again in the rains. So I hung my coat and the umbrella on the stand in the corner and myself in one of the chairs in the front row.

On the rostrum, seated in three compact rows of auditorium chairs were about twenty children, mostly girls, ranging in age from about seven to thirteen. At the first signal given to them by their instructor who looked all-pervasive because of her imposing manners and strident voice, the children looked at one another in bewilderment. Some of them opened their mouth, but were still afraid to articulate the sound, not sure if the others were ready to share the effort. Some of them tried to be clever and just put on an ingratiating smile. With exhortation from the coach to start and be audible they mouthed the words without the necessary feeling. The coach now thought it best not waste time on further exhortation, blew a note on her pipe and the children raised their hymn—books above their heads and started singing in unison. They sang with the unsentimental innocence natural to their age. I had never heard the hymn, but it had a soothing quality and a healing effect; I wished it not to end soon.

Listening, I drifted in thoughts and scanned those young faces absent-mindedly. The child nearest me was in the front row of the group. Well, not exactly a child; she looked about somewhere between fourteen and sixteen, with straight black hair cut to shoulder length, which stuck around her forehead because wet, making her face look unglamorous and common. But as I continued to listen, I noticed that her voice was distinctly superior to others. It was sweet--sounding, and because it was the surest, it naturally led the others.

However, the young lady seemed to be indifferent to the activity she was engaged in at the time because I saw her controlling an overpowering yawn once. It was a closed- mouth, lady-like yawn, but her nostrils gave it away. Her eyes had no expression at all except perhaps that of being unimpressed because of over-familiarity. Once or twice she seemed to scan the people in the audience with a casual interest that did not amount to curiosity, except as if she was counting the heads. For a fraction of a moment she took notice of me and I felt out of the place occupying the seat in the front row. Perhaps she understood my embarrassment and graciously looked away. The moment the singing stopped the choir children became impatient to get away from the scrutiny and criticism of the coach and the audience, though to my tired nerves their performance was more than what I could rate. Their coach was in no mind to let them slip out so soon. She began to give her lengthy opinion on how some children can’t remain still and composed while rehearsing. That was the time I realized that my presence in the front row was going to invite the hostility of the children and the censure of their teacher. The hymn was definitely over and I did not want the coach’s dissonant voice to break the spell the children’s singing had cast upon me. I got up hastily and left the hall.

Outside on the street the things were far more difficult than when I had stepped inside the hall. It was raining harder. I put on my raincoat and crossed the street and found refuge in a coffee-shop. It was my first visit to that shop and while I was looking for the coat-stand around, the matronly looking owner of the shop gave me a look as if she would have preferred a customer with a drier appearance. Not to give her offence, I took as much care as I could to see that my dripping raincoat made as little mess as possible.

As I sat down at my table with my tray of coffee and cinnamon toast I saw the young lady at the choir entering in and taking off her coat. I noticed that she was not alone. She was accompanied by an elderly looking lady and a little impish-looking guy who was probably her younger brother. They occupied a table not far away from me and fortunately I was able to get an unobstructed view of the entire party. The boy was about five and was in no mood to obey anyone. He started looking around with curiosity to discover some vulnerable target at which he could direct his mischief. Before giving him an opportunity to decide that I could be his potential target, I hastily put on my patent “keep away at safe distance or I know how to tackle brats like you” kind of look. Luckily, they had not noticed yet me watching them.

As they settled down at their table, the boy set about annoying his companions very methodically, giving me an instant insight into the kind of tricks he had mastered rather well. He started rocking in his chair in the most irritating manner, acting as if he was going to pull down the table with the table-cloth and all. The elderly lady advised him once or twice to sit straight but it was only when his sister admonished him in a stern voice that he stuck the small of his back to the chair, but in the meanwhile he dropped the napkin on the floor, picked it up neatly and spread it over his head and sat balancing it dexterously. She did not go to the counter to get their tea. It was brought to them by the waitress.

While they were in the process of pouring tea into their cups, she noticed me suddenly and gave me the same indifferent look with which she had regarded me at the choir-practice.

For the next few moments I remained engrossed in my thoughts which did not have any specific object to feed upon. I was thinking of the letter my wife had written to me sometime back and which had reached me on the previous day. It was a long list of grievances about my mother. She wanted me to write to my mother on her behalf. I brushed aside all those concerns for a while, and started enjoying the pitter-patter of the raindrops on the window-sill. I had to finish my coffee and get ready to go. I could not prolong my stay indefinitely long. Before making up my mind to get up, I looked at her and found her looking at me with a certain curiosity. I returned her glance with a seemingly non-chalant look, balancing the act between trying not to offend and trying not to look rudely indifferent either. In that brief moment of awareness, she gave me a faintly visible, qualified little smile. It was oddly radiant as certain unexpected, half-revealed smiles are. I smiled back, less radiantly, taking care that my smile did not carry any unwelcome signs that may cause a misunderstanding. But I was overwhelmed, to be sure.

The next thing I knew was that she was out of her seat and having covered the distance in a few steps she was now standing by my table.

I got up from my seat and requested her to be seated and be comfortable. She bowed slightly and sat down facing me. “Are you from Asia?” She asked after she had made sure with a slight observation that I was a good guy. “I am from India.” I replied.

“Oh, then you are a teetotaler I suppose,” she said. I watched her for a moment to detect any trace of sarcasm. There was nothing but the freshness of adolescence in her bearing. So I ruled out sarcasm.

She saw through my doubt and while I was fumbling for an answer, she said, “There is nothing wrong in being a teetotaler. Your culture forbids you to drink perhaps.” I was not sure whether to tell her that I was not exactly averse to drinking, but I thought it best to let her continue with the impression she had formed; I am more at ease with myself and others when an acquaintance begins with an impression and not with an opinion.

I asked her if she would care to join me. “For a very little while,” she said. I got up and drew a chair for her, the one opposite me. I hurried back to my chair. I wanted to hold the thread of conversation but was not sure how to. I finally decided to let her take the lead and sat there facing her quietly, as if for a judgment.

“You were there at the choir-practice; I saw you,” she said plainly, without any coquetry. I was impressed by the poise which to my mind was rather remarkable for her age. I admitted I was there and that I was quite impressed by her singing. She nodded and said, “I know.” She was not excited over the compliment. There seemed to be a slight shadow of wistfulness in her eyes. She kept looking out at the rain outside and then in a slight whisper, as if talking to herself said, “Choir-singing is not my end really; it’s just a stop-over. I want to be a professional singer.” Though she showed no eagerness for a response from me, I ventured to say just in order to prolong the opportunity of being with her, though I regretted the moment I said it, “Oh, I would have thought that you were made out to be a nun.”     

She flashed a glance at me which I felt to be a look of disapproval, if not exactly of anger. “Oh, really? And what made you think so?” she asked with a determination to retaliate what she perceived to be an insinuation at her plain looks. Though that certainly was not what I had in mind, it gave me a secret pleasure to see her annoyed. But it was too fragile a moment to be wasted in silly overtures. I hastened to clarify, “I mean, you sang with such devoutness; it was heavenly.” Again a half-smile lit up her face and as if with a glint of comprehension in her eyes she said, “Really? Don’t expect me to believe that. I wasn’t quite born yesterday, you know?”
I silenced the voice in me that urged me to say, “That was really the truth!”  

I had remained a foreigner all these days while I was here in Canada, clinging to my roots back there in India. I knew nothing about Western music and if the talk were to veer around to dwell on Western music I had precious little to say. However, she was warming up to the subject and I thought it convenient to let her unwind.

She said, “I am practicing in the choir because that is all I can afford in my circumstances right now. Besides, vocal music does not make demands on your purse. My real passion is piano and guitar, but can’t afford.”

I looked at her carefully. She had placed her hands in front of her on the table and she was sitting in an upright position as if with her fingers on the keyboard of piano. She had long tapering fingers but the nails were bitten to the quick. Though there was no fidgetiness in her till then she became instantly self-conscious when she found me looking at her fingers. She immediately withdrew her hands and hid them in the pockets of her long skirt.

I offered her a piece of the cinnamon toast which she refused without an excuse. She seemed eager to talk but I could see her companions getting restless and impatient. The lady who accompanied her was making frantic signals for her to end the interaction with a stranger, but she was determined to talk. She moved her chair so as to block her companion out of view and asked me, “Are you interested in Western music?” I said, “I don’t understand the trends in music, neither in the west nor in India. I listen if it soothes my nerves”

“How did you find our singing? Was it soothing?”  She asked. I was at once struck by the fact that she said ‘our singing’, not ‘my singing’.  I realized that she was steeped in the spirit of the choir and had learnt to subdue her personality in the unified voice of the chorus. Perhaps that was the reason why she wanted to carve a niche for herself in piano or guitar. She answered the question in my mind rather surprisingly for me. She said, “Basically I am not cut out for team-work. I am at my best when I work alone.” There was very little time at her disposal and she did not know how best to use it. For a girl of her age she seemed rather grownup and sedate. But there was still some glint of silliness in her which showed when she asked impulsively, “Are you married?” I was tempted to say ‘no’ and watch her reaction. But by now I had begun to like her and refrained from playing games. I liked the spontaneous camaraderie she had begun to feel with me without any reason. I did not want to wreck it by giving a false answer to a question asked trustfully, whatever be its motive.  “Yes,” I said, “I am married.” The next thing I expected her to ask was: “How long?” But she again asked a question that was sillier still. She said,”Are you in love with your wife?”

I gave her a searching look. Perhaps she was brought up to believe that in India being in love with your spouse is not the demand of married life and that marriages survive without love. However, I thought it best to maintain silence. She did not seem to take my silence very seriously because the question she had asked did not carry weight; it was asked out of a casual interest, to set the ball rolling. But she immediately hastened to say, “Oh, sorry, I am afraid, I am being too personal.” I told her that I would bring it to her notice if she was so. She said, “Actually I am not very gregarious, you know?” She stopped and looked at me with a look which I thought rather presumptuous. I was amused to see that she was waiting to see if the word ‘gregarious’ was there in my vocabulary.

“One of my teachers is into ‘Zen,’ you know. I am learning the lesson of compassion from ‘Zen’. She says that one must feel the vibrations and respond positively. I think those who don’t speak that lingo call it being pro-active.” I started wondering what compassion and being positive or pro-active had to do with my being married or not. But I did not have to ask. She was quickly forthcoming with the explanation. She said, “You have a very sensitive face. I noticed that you looked lonely.”  This, if it were to come from any other woman who was a stranger, could have been construed as an innuendo. But I was gradually getting drawn into her world which had a strange fragrance about it.

Without betraying any kind of a reaction to her perception of my state of mind, I told her that I wasn’t lonely. However, I said I was glad for her compassion. Just then her brother was heard crying out her name loudly. “Emma, Emma, we are leaving if you don’t come soon.” I turned to look in his direction and found everyone else looking at us. 
She had to get up. She gave me a broad, effusive smile without any sign of embarrassment or apology and said, “Good, Charles introduced me to you. I am Emma and he is Charles, my younger brother.
At that very moment, Charles left his place at the other end of the room and leaving the elderly lady in a state of abandonment, came and joined his sister at our end. I braced myself up for an unexpected calamity as I saw him ready to pull the table-cloth over his head. “Do sit up straight in your chair, Charles.” She commanded as she sat down again. “Say hello to uncle…” and she looked at me with a question in her eyes. “ Pratap,” I said. “Pratap Sharma”. Charles of course was not expected to be impressed. He stuck out his tongue and looked up at the ceiling. Emma was a bit apologetic now and said, “Sorry, that’s his way of expressing boredom. Don’t take it seriously”.
However, the little guy had started taking an interest in me. He was in no hurry to make a move now. He put on an angelic face and gave me a nice little hand-shake. It was a welcome sign of warmth but there was no time for us to get to know each other better. Emma signaled in the direction of her aunt to indicate that she was coming and pulled Charles towards her in a hurry.
Charles wanted to make the best use of this fleeting moment of intimacy between him and me and before going away; he turned and asked me, “What did one wall say to another?” I looked at him in a surprise when he said to aid me in answering his question…”It’s a riddle.” I rolled up my eyes and said with a stumped expression, “I give up!” He pulled his sister in the direction of the table where his aunt was waiting for them and started running. Turning back towards me, he yelled out the answer, “Meet you at the corner!’